Digital Logic

You studied four types of flip-flops in school. Only one survived into modern FPGAs — and the reason comes down to forbidden states, feedback topology, and what Static Timing Analysis needs to do its job.

Learn the key differences between signed magnitude, ones' complement, and two's complement—essential binary number systems for representing positive and negative integers in computers. Understand how each system handles sign bits, arithmetic, and zero representation.

Understand the Qm.n Fixed Point Notation and how fractional numbers can be represented effectively in digital design.

Understand what negative Hold times in datasheets mean for your digital designs. This concise guide explains why these values exist, their benefits for timing closure and high-speed circuits, and clarifies why negative Setup times don't apply.

Most engineers writing high-level software don't even care, but if you are engaged in low-level debugging at the hardware level, you definitely need to be aware of the the data "endianness" and how to handle it.

How do complex microprocessor systems preserve the integrity of data buses?

Key Differences and Synthesis Implications